The monitoring and reporting of CO2 emissions of light duty vehicles in Europe and other major markets is based on the New European Driving Cycle and the accompanying test protocol. This procedure has been proven non-representative of real world vehicle operation, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions leading to a gap between officially reported emissions and the ones experienced during real world operation. This gap is reported to be increasing with time. To address this issue and improve the certification procedure for pollutant emissions of vehicles over real driving, the new Worldwide Harmonized Light duty vehicle Test Protocol was designed. This new test procedure is expected to provide more realistic emission and fuel consumption results. In this paper a first estimate of the certification-reality gap under the present (2015) conditions is attempted and the impact of the new test procedure is investigated. Tests were performed on three real vehicles over the two cycles which allowed the development of representative simulation models. A detailed simulation matrix was subsequently formulated, taking into account the two tests and expected conditions occurring during real world driving. Results show that for 2013-14 model year European passenger cars the difference in certified and actually emitted CO2 emissions for an average European passenger car reaches up to 40 g CO2/km (~32% higher than certification). WLTP introduction is expected to improve the picture, however a shortfall of about 10-15% between official and real world may remain.
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机译:欧洲和其他主要市场的轻型车辆二氧化碳排放量的监测和报告基于新欧洲行驶周期和随附的测试协议。该程序已被证明不能代表现实世界的车辆运行,燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放量,从而导致正式报告的排放量与实际运行中的排放量之间存在差距。据报道,这种差距随着时间而增加。为了解决此问题并改善实际驾驶中车辆污染物排放的认证程序,设计了新的《全球协调轻型车辆测试协议》。预期这种新的测试程序将提供更实际的排放和燃料消耗量结果。本文尝试对当前(2015年)条件下的认证与现实差距进行初步估算,并研究新测试程序的影响。在两个周期内对三辆真实车辆进行了测试,从而开发了具有代表性的仿真模型。随后制定了详细的仿真矩阵,其中考虑了两次测试以及现实驾驶过程中发生的预期条件。结果表明,对于2013-14年度的欧洲乘用车,欧洲平均乘用车的已认证和实际排放的CO2排放差异高达40 g CO2 / km(比认证高32%)。 WLTP的引入有望改善情况,但是官方和现实世界之间可能仍存在约10-15%的缺口。
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